The status of geography in the state teachers colleges and state normal schools in New England

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1947. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

“The dog chase the cat”: Grammaticality judgments by Hungarian-speaking children with language impairment

In a previous study of language production, a group of Hungarian-speaking children with language impairment (LI) committed a larger number of errors than typically developing peers on verb inflections that mark person, number, tense, and definiteness (Lukács et al. 2009b). However, the error forms produced often differed from the correct form by only a single dimension (e.g., person, number, tense, or definiteness) with no single dimension proving consistently problematic. In the present study, we sought to determine whether a similar pattern applied to the children’s understanding of verb inflections, as reflected in a grammaticality judgment task. We compared the performance of 17 Hungarian-speaking children with language impairment (LI) between ages 8;0 and 11;9 with typically developing children between 6;10 and 11;1 years individually matched on receptive vocabulary raw scores (VC) and also to a control group of children matched on chronological age (AC; between 8;1–12;1). We obtained grammaticality judgments for 68 sentences, including 56 ill-formed sentences that contained a single error of person, number, tense, definiteness, or morphophonology. As the AC group performed at ceiling, the analysis focused on comparisons between the LI and VC groups. Besides comparing accuracy scores in the two groups, we tested how well performance could be predicted by a test of grammatical comprehension (TROG) and a measure of nonword repetition ability obtained prior to the administration of the grammaticality judgment task. There were no significant group differences in the accuracy of grammaticality judgments. Both groups recognized well-formed sentences, and agreement errors of number, person or definiteness, significantly more accurately than tense or morphophonological errors. Although there was no difference between performance levels of the LI and the VC groups, we found differences between the two groups in the types of measures that were most closely tied to performance on the grammaticality judgment task. Performance in the LI group was strongly associated with nonword repetition span, while in the VC group, TROG performance was associated with grammaticality judgment performance. These results suggest that the same level and pattern of performance can be supported by different background mechanisms in typical and atypical language development

An interpretive phenomenological study of undergraduate nursing students’ navigation of emotionally challenging experiences in health and social care practice

Introduction. Many of the skills, knowledge, behaviours and conduct for nursing practice are set out in professional codes and standards. However, these give limited guidance on how nursing students should navigate emotionally challenging experiences (ECEs), such asill health, disability,and patient death,whilst in health and social care (HSC) practice.This study examines lived ECEsin practiceamong participatingstudents undertaking a BSc honours degree in the adult field of nursing in a Higher Educational Institute (HEI) in Northern Ireland (NI). In doing so, the study seeks greater understanding of influences that inform and shape nursing students’ responses to such experiences. It also examines participants’lived experiences of formal and informal preparation and support offered, available or utilised (if any) regarding ECEsin practice.Methodological approach.In the study I adopt an Interpretative (Hermeneutic)Phenomenological (IP) approach to the collection, analysis of data and reporting of findings. In doing so I provide attention to important ethical and legal issues,including evidence of ethical approval. I also provide justification for using data from semi-structuredinterviews with twelve nursing students undertaking the programme who consented to participate in the study. Findings.Participants in this study encounter a range of ECEsand use various strategies in navigating such experiences, including suppression of emotions and avoidance of patients and relatives. While cognitive knowledge seeking is a strategy used by participants in navigatingECEs, there is limited evidence of participants’self-knowledge or recognition of their own emotional needs in navigating the complexities of ECEsin practice.There is evidence of a range of support sought and utilised,but alsoa viewthat students could be better prepared and supported specifically in relation to ECEs. While the current undergraduate programme,includes provision offormalised support to nursing students through mentorship, personal tutor(PT), link lecturer (LL) and other roles;the findings suggest that the nature, quality,and access of such support varies in relation to ECEs. Participants’experiencesand perceptions of thefunction of theseroles and how they are performed has an important impact on students’ access of support. This studyindicates that there is aneed for demarcation between pastoral support and disciplinary aspects in LL and PT roles,so that studentsdo not get confused about whether they are being supported,assessed,or disciplined.The findings also suggest that there is a need to betterprepare nursing studentsfor ECEs in advance ofplacements, particularly,speciality and‘taster placements’in other fields of nursing practice. These taster experiences oftenoccur in first year of the programme and often present particular ECEsfor students. This preparation might include teaching and learning strategiesthat facilitate reflections on ECEs and how students might recognise their own responses and emotional needs

Migration of Willow Ptarmigan in Arctic Alaska

Studies the movements of Lagopus lagopus through the narrow valley of Anaktuvuk Pass in the Brooks Range, recorded since 1948. Migration from the breeding grounds in the Colville and other river valleys in the Arctic Slope begins in late Sept; movement northward from as far south as the Koyukuk River occurs in mid Jan-early Feb and again in early Apr. In winter adult males predominate in the northern range, juvenile males in the Pass, and females in the southern range.Migration du lagopède des saules dans l'Alaska arctique. À l'automne, le lagopède des saules (Lagopus lagopus) migre vers le sud par la passe d'Anaktuvuk, dans la chaîne de Brooks, Alaska; à la fin de l'hiver, il revient vers le nord jusqu'à ses principaux terrains de nichée situés sur le versant arctique. Dans une population morphologiquement homogène, on a distingué, mois par mois, en trois localités différentes, quatre catégories d'individus – mâles adultes, mâles juvéniles, femelles adultes et femelles juvéniles. En hiver, les mâles adultes l'emportent en novembre dans le nord de l'aire de migration : une grande proportion des mâles juvéniles hivernent à Anaktuvuk : les femelles l'emportent dans le sud de l'aire d'hivernage. Chacune de ces catégories d'âge et de sexe se déplace selon son propre programme et la composition des bandes évolue en conséquence

Geographic Variation in Body Size and Weight of Willow Ptarmigan

Reports results of multiple range test comparisons of wing, tail and net body weight measurements of 2600 specimens collected in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory. Populations from different geographic areas showed statistically significant differences but uniformity within recognizable subspecies. Lagopus lagopus alascensis has the largest range in Alaska and occurs at least to Old Crow in the Yukon. L.l.albus occurs from central Yukon Territory eastward and south to northern British Columbia and west into Alaska in the upper Tanana valley and south of the Alaska Range to the Susitna River. L.l. alexandrae occupies the Alaska and Kenai Peninsulas and a narrow margin of the Gulf of Alaska coast south into British Columbia. L.l. murei is distributed on Kodiak Island, the Shumagins and the Aleutians from Unimak westward. The present distribution of these subspecies may be explained in part by their distribution at the time of the Wisconsin glaciation and their subsequent dispersal.Variations géographiques de la taille et du poids du Lagopède des saules. De multiples comparaisons de mesures des ailes, de la queue et du poids net de 2,600 spécimens de lagopède des saules (Lagopus lagopus) recueillis en Alaska et dans la partie adjacente du territoire du Yukon, ont démontré des différences statistiquement significatives entre les populations des différentes aires géographiques, mains ont aussi indiqué une surprenante uniformité parmi les populations désignées comme sous-espèces reconnaissables.Les précédentes distributions d'habitat, basées sur la couleur du plumage et la taille du bec, distinguaient L. l. alascensis de L. l. albus à la frontière Alaska-Yukon. Sur la base des nouvelles mesures, on croit que la population du L. l. alascensis plus gros s'étend vers l'Est dans le territoire du Yukon au moins jusqu'à Old Crow, tandis que le L. l. albus plus petit s'étend vers l'Ouest à travers l'Alaska, dans la haute vallée de la Tanana et au Sud de la chaîne alaskienne jusqu'à la Sustina. On suppose que la distribution présente des diverses sous-espèces du Logopède des saules en Alaska peut s'expliquer par leur distribution à l'époque de la glaciation wisconsienne et par leur dispersion subséquente

SEPARATION OF EPIDERMAL LAYERS OF THE NEWBORN RAT

A method is presented for the separation of epidermal strata by the successive elimination of either the basal or basal and spinous cells with 0.24 M NH4Cl at pH 9.5. Histologic evidence suggests that the residual epidermal strata obtained after incubation of the skin with NH4Cl are reproducible; hence, this technique circumvents loss of granular layer histidine-rich protein inherent with trypsin separation and provides an effective procedure for biochemical analysis of arginine-rich and lysine-rich proteins in the various differentiating epidermal cells

The contributions of immediate retrieval and spaced retrieval to word learning in preschoolers with developmental language disorder

Background and Aims: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) benefit from word learning procedures that include a mix of immediate retrieval and spaced retrieval trials. In this study, we examine the relative contribution of these two types of retrieval. Methods: We examine data from Haebig et al. (2019) in their study that compared an immediate retrieval condition and a condition of spaced retrieval that also included immediate retrieval trials. Participants were 4- and 5-year old children with DLD and same-age peers with typical language development. Each child learned novel (made-up) words referring to unusual plants and animals in both conditions. We examined the phonetic accuracy of the novel words used during the final learning trial and during recall tests 5 min and 1 week after learning. Results: On the final learning trial, the children were more phonetically accurate in using the novel words learned in the immediate retrieval condition. However, recall tests after the learning trials revealed a decrease in accuracy, especially for the children with DLD. After one week, accuracy was much lower for words in the immediate retrieval condition than for words in the mixed spaced-plus-immediate retrieval condition. For words learned in the mixed spaced-plus-immediate retrieval condition, accuracy was very stable across time for both groups. Conclusions: Immediate retrieval boosts the phonetic accuracy of new words in the short term but spaced retrieval promotes stability and increases the likelihood that short-term gains are maintained. Implications: When novel word learning is assessed at the level of phonetic accuracy, children with DLD can show declines over time not characteristic of children with typical language development. Spaced retrieval procedures augmented by immediate retrieval opportunities during learning appear to prevent such declines, leading to longer-lasting gains